Purpose: The Albanian migration has always reflected a family character, be that before 1945 when Albania was not yet … of the family has been very important in making decisions regarding migration and answering questions from why to how to … family and kinship on decisions regarding return migration, the re-adjustment process, remigration or transnational life …

causal effect of class size on school tracking outcomes after elementary school. Our identification strategy relies on the … tracked into more or less academic middle school types at about age ten based, to a large extent, on academic achievement in … elementary school. We mostly find no or small effects of class size in elementary school on receiving a recommendation or on the …

Using census data on three cohorts of 5th grade Italian students we investigate how the ordinal rank in the within-school … age distribution affects the probability of being bullied. Identification is achieved by exploiting within-school between …-cohort variation in the age composition of different school cohorts, and through an IV strategy based on the discontinuity in the …

This paper examines patterns of school choice in Egypt from primary through higher education. We use a mixed … religious schools exist, but we find that in most geographic areas school "choice" at the pre-university level is effectively … over time. Azhari (Islamic religious) school attendance at the pre-university level has increased over time as well …

education system has fostered the growth of a diverse tutoring market. In general secondary school, tutoring has become a social … expectation that leads teachers and students to shirk in school to devote more attention to tutoring. In basic education, teacher … pressure is a major motivation for public school students to take tutoring. In order to reduce the prevalence of tutoring and …

Social distancing requirements associated with COVID-19 (coronavirus) have led to school closures. In mid-April, the … increased earnings. What is not known is how much earnings will decline due to the school closures. Starting with the fact that … education closures to estimate the loss in marginal future earnings. The findings show that the school closures reduce future …

school. Whereas the multi-school dicing reform involves randomly assigning previously ineligible pupils to key elementary … schools through lotteries, the reform of school federation led by elite schools consolidates ordinary primary schools through … alliance with elite schools. Moreover, an ordinary primary school can be promoted to key elementary school without involving …

This paper examines the effects of an increase in the compulsory school leaving age on the teenage fertility of Roma … precise to the week. We find that longer schooling decreases the probability of getting pregnant during the school year but …