books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school represent the most important predictors of … student performance in all of the analysed countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric … Portugal. Considering only general school students, the differences between big and small cities are not statistically …

causal effect of class size on school tracking outcomes after elementary school. Our identification strategy relies on the … tracked into more or less academic middle school types at about age ten based, to a large extent, on academic achievement in … elementary school. We mostly find no or small effects of class size in elementary school on receiving a recommendation or on the …

Using census data on three cohorts of 5th grade Italian students we investigate how the ordinal rank in the within-school … age distribution affects the probability of being bullied. Identification is achieved by exploiting within-school between …-cohort variation in the age composition of different school cohorts, and through an IV strategy based on the discontinuity in the …

group discussion and lecturing used in their school, including a battery of individual, teacher, and school controls, as … well as random intercepts by school. For robustness we use instrumental variables and methods to account for school …

education system has fostered the growth of a diverse tutoring market. In general secondary school, tutoring has become a social … expectation that leads teachers and students to shirk in school to devote more attention to tutoring. In basic education, teacher … pressure is a major motivation for public school students to take tutoring. In order to reduce the prevalence of tutoring and …

that second-generation immigrant children in the Italian primary school experience a double disadvantage that, relative to …

A dynamic discrete choice model is set up to estimate the effects of grade retention in high school, both in the short … schooling outcomes and, more so, for less able pupils. …

understood. We fill this gap by investigating the effects of having disadvantaged primary school peers, generated by random …