degree completion and reduce dropout in higher education, but not in high school. We argue that the higher prevalence of …

causal effect of class size on school tracking outcomes after elementary school. Our identification strategy relies on the … tracked into more or less academic middle school types at about age ten based, to a large extent, on academic achievement in … elementary school. We mostly find no or small effects of class size in elementary school on receiving a recommendation or on the …

minimum level of skills considered to be adequate for a student getting the high school diploma. We exploit the exogenous … school. We find that hidden drop-out increases by 8.6 percentage points; the effect is stronger for students with lower …

substantially increased education in Turkey. Using the number of new middle school class openings per 1000 children as an intensity … measure for the 1997 reform, we find that, on average, one additional middle school class increases the probability of … generated by the 1997 reform and the accompanying middle school class openings. The insignificance of the health effect may be …

, and increased grade inflation. The results follow from a difference-in-differences analysis of matched student-school …

new law increases lower secondary school completion in girls, leading to decreased probabilities of giving birth in the … school-age years (14-17 years). The policy primarily affects the marginal child leading to the postponement of the timing of … their fertility to after-school years. We also document heterogeneity and show that the fertility effects are stronger for …