growth, but only in stores where the store's manager and a large fraction of the employees have the same gender. Remarkably …

absolute grading, grading on a curve actually narrows the gender gap in performance. …The provision of non-pecuniary incentives in education is a topic that has received much scholarly attention lately … performance. We perform a direct comparison of the two most commonly used grading practices: the absolute (i.e., criterion …

for boys. For non-cognitive skills, we find the opposite. We show in a simple model of parental investment that gender … preferences can explain our findings. Analyses exploiting within the province, village-level variation in gender attitudes confirm … the importance of parental gender preferences. Consequently, large scale programs can have positive (and possibly …