model using a unique data set of individuals who completed undergraduate education in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2001 …

return in industrial countries. The return varies, however, by gender, rural or urban residence, and the share of agriculture … entrepreneurship to farming. The education effect that separates workers into self-employment and wage employment is stronger for women …

Estimates of the effect of education on GDP (the social return) have been hard to reconcile with micro evidence on the … of education reduces the private return by 2 percentage points, consistent with Katz-Murphy's (1992) elasticity of …

Education is a well-known driver of (entrepreneurial) income. The measurement of its influence, however, suffers from …) income and of education. Using instrumental variables can provide a way out. However, three questions remain: whether … that the relationship between education and entrepreneurial income is indeed endogenous and that the impact of endogeneity …

The validity of family background variables instrumenting education in income regressions has been much criticized. In … (perfect validity of the instrument). The size of the bias is in many cases smaller than the standard error of education …