Political and legal institutions affect the extent to which the real exchange rates of oil-exporting countries co …-move with the oil price. In a simple theoretical model, strong institutions insulate real exchange rates from oil price …

of economic growth. One of the most striking features of economic development on the sub-Saharan subcontinent is the …

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role for institutional change and economic development in transition and developing … economies. Formal and informal institutions in such countries are often sub-par, but rather than being constrained by them …, entrepreneurship can often affect institutions and contribute to their evolution. We highlight three entrepreneurial responses to the …

zonal pricing: zonal pricing with Available Transmission Capacity (ATC) and zonal pricing with Flow-Based Market Coupling … FBMC is employed in two stages, a day-ahead market stage and a re-dispatch stage. We show that the optimality conditions … and market clearing conditions can be reformulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP), which is straightforward to …

In centralized markets, producers submit detailed cost data to the day-ahead market, and the market operator decides … producers send less detailed cost information to the operator of the day-ahead market. Ideally centralized electricity markets … decentralized markets. Iterative intra-day trading in a decentralized market can also be used to sort out coordination problems …

, and the market is cleared at the price of the most expensive offer needed to meet realised demand. Such markets can most …

exacerbated development by better-informed venture-backed rms is used as a signal to enhance the sale price of developed …