British children who were all potentially exposed in the womb. Epidemic effects are identified using geographic variation in a …

This paper shows that there are large differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development between children from … rich and poor backgrounds at the age of 3, and that this gap widens by the age of 5. Children from poor backgrounds also … face much less advantageous "early childhood caring environments" than children from better off families. For example we …

. Children in England are typically eligible to start school - and thus access a number of hours of free public education - on 1 … September after they turn four. This means that children born one day apart may start school up to one year apart. We exploit … children may only encourage a small number of low income lone parents to return to work. -- labour supply ; school entry …

when the issue was promoted towards the top of the policy agenda. The position of low-income families with children in the … families with children have stagnated or declined: further reductions in the headline relative income poverty measure since the …