Based on surveys undertaken in two urban areas and two rural areas in Argentina and Paraguay. Seeks to identify possible sources of under- reporting and tests the adequacy of alternative census procedures.

Describes various methodologies for measuring gender wage differentials and identifies their major advantages and weaknesses.

Discusses five approaches: consumer surplus, technology surplus and time surplus approaches, and competition-linked and export-linked employment effects.

Criticizes the standard international definition of unemployment as being too restrictive to measure accurately unemployment in labour- surplus economies. Using Indonesia as a basis, proposes a definition which is based on trends in real wages which aims to reflect the real extent of labour...