We revisit Lipset?s law, which posits a positive and significant relationship between income and democracy. Using … dynamic and heterogeneous panel data estimation techniques, we find a significant and negative relationship between income and … democracy: higher/lower incomes per capita hinder/trigger democratization. Decomposing overall income per capita into its …

indicate a long-term price elasticity of energy demand between -0.3 and -0.5, which suggests that countries can reap …The economic and environmental implications of energy subsidies have received renewed attention from policymakers and … economists in recent years. Nevertheless there remains significant uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the impact of energy …

estimate the income growth implied by the evolution of food demand and durable good ownership in post-reform Brazil and Mexico … attributed to biases in the price deflator. The estimated unmeasured income gains are higher for poorer households, implying … marked reductions in "real" inequality. These findings challenge the conventional wisdom that post-reform income growth was …