mandate announcements). We also find large vaccination gains in France (3 to 5 mln first doses), Italy (around 6 mln) and … across Canadian provinces in a differencein-differences approach. Time-series analysis for each province and for France …, Italy and Germany corroborates this finding, and we estimate cumulative gains of up to 5 percentage points in provincial …

marginal value of being an entrepreneur as a function of wealth. Countries with high start-up costs such as Italy, Spain and … France have flatter wealth gradients …

- the case of Portugal; 2) a positive but stable role of education in terms of inequality - Austria, Finland, France …, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK; 3) a neutral role - Denmark and Italy; and 4) a negative impact …

countries Germany, France and the Netherlands using the EU Labour Force Survey. Second, we characterize the different employment …

variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study establishes that, in contrast to conventional wisdom that …

comparable enterprise level data from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Exporters are more productive and pay higher wages … significantly smaller in Germany, significantly larger in France, and does not differ significantly in the UK. The results for wages … and productivity hold in the years before the export start, which indicates self-selection into exporting of more …

The subject of offshoring and productivity has not yet received the attention it deserves. Here I propose a simple … framework for estimating the contribution of these strategies to the growth rate of labor productivity from a time … should be interpreted with caution yet clearly suggest that offshoring can improve labor productivity in the Semiconductors …