people. These restrictions have negative economic consequences, possibly increasing the supply of political violence. To test … employment is more concentrated in these sectors, and (iii) episodes of political violence are more likely to occur in these …

hooligans reap utility from violence and social identity and study the effects of different police strategies. We find that an … increase in discriminative policing, provided by intelligence units, for example, always reduces violence. Under the right … circumstances, it may also lead to larger supporter clubs and a significant drop in violence. Indiscriminate policing, such as the …

, the bulk of the research addresses competition with others and excludes other economically relevant competition that may … contribute to the gender pay gap. In this paper, we ask: How does gender affect how individuals react to competition against … women select into intrapersonal competition at significantly higher rates than interpersonal competition, the first such …

conflict-affected countries. This module will enable researchers to address specific violence-related issues comparatively … survey designs in conflict-affected areas. We review existing conflict- and violence-related questionnaires, with a special … in order to deepen the understanding of the nature of violent conflict and the channels whereby conflict and violence …

contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

-trafficking areas. Our findings are consistent with the notion that political competition undermined informal agreements between drug …