By the time children start school, socio-economic gaps are evident in child skills. We document a causal effect of a …

will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …

We model schooling as a sequential process and examine why some children are left behind. We focus on the factors that …

math) and does not vanish when children grow up to age 10. Conventional estimates are instead smaller because they are …

universal preschools offer a relatively high-quality learning experience for low-income children not reflected in typical … low-income 4 year olds. State pre-K programs targeted toward disadvantaged children do not. Differences in other pre …

The early development of non-cognitive skills has longlasting benefits for children's sub- sequent educational … attainment and wages. Drawing on a rich, nationally representative longitudinal sample of young children in Ireland, we present …-parental care. This is equivalent to 44% of the difference in externalising behaviour between children with a mother with …