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Artificial Intelligence against COVID-19: An Early Review
Naudé, Wim - 2020
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a potentially powerful tool in the fight against the COVID- 19 pandemic. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, there has been a scramble to use AI. This article provides an early, and necessarily selective review, discussing the contribution of AI to the fight...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012207791
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What Drives Innovation? Lessons from COVID-19 R&D
Agarwal, Ruchir; Gaule, Patrick - 2021
To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and … innovation can be very large, as demonstrated by aggregate flow of clinical trials increasing by 38% in 2020, with limited … economists are naturally in favor of market size as a driving force for innovation (i.e."if the market size is sufficiently large …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012497980
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E-Learning Engagement Gap during School Closures: Differences by Academic Performance
Amer-Mestre, Josep; Ayarza-Astigarraga, Alaitz; Lopes, … - 2021
We study the impact of COVID-19 school closures on differences in online learning usage by regional academic … academic performance increased their searches for e-learning tools more than higher-performing regions. Analysing school … less e-learning tools than higher performing ones. These two findings suggest that the COVID-19 shock widened the e-learning …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012882480
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When Does FDI Have Positive Spillovers? Evidence from 17 Transition Market Economies
Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Svejnar, Jan; Terrell, Katherine - 2013
We use rich firm-level data and national input-output tables from 17 countries over the 2002-2005 period to test new and existing hypotheses about the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the efficiency of domestic firms in the host country (i.e., spillovers). We document that backward...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010329186
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Why Do People Still Live in East Germany?
Hunt, Jennifer - 2000
In 1997 GDP per capita in East Germany was 57% of that of West Germany, wage rates were 75% of western levels, and the unemployment rate was at least double the western rate of 7.8%. One would expect that if capital flows and trade in goods failed to bring convergence, labor flows would respond,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010262346
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Informal Employment in Transition Countries: Empirical Evidence and Research Challenges
Lehmann, Hartmut - 2014
Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In the first part of the paper we demonstrate that its...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010481579
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When Does FDI Have Positive Spillovers? Evidence from 17 Transition Market Economies
Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Svejnar, Jan; Terrell, Katherine - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
We use rich firm-level data and national input-output tables from 17 countries over the 2002-2005 period to test new and existing hypotheses about the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the efficiency of domestic firms in the host country (i.e., spillovers). We document that backward...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884338
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Pulls, Pushes and Entitlement Failures in Labor Markets: Does the State of Development Matter?
Bhaumik, Sumon Kumar; Dimova, Ralitza; Nugent, Jeffrey B. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006
This study adapts a relatively novel model of off-farm labor supply to the changing conditions of Bulgaria during the 1990s. The model’s parameters are estimated separately for each of the three different waves of the Bulgarian Integrated Household Survey, each reflecting remarkably different...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005233812
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Why Do People Still Live in East Germany?
Hunt, Jennifer - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2000
In 1997 GDP per capita in East Germany was 57% of that of West Germany, wage rates were 75% of western levels, and the unemployment rate was at least double the western rate of 7.8%. One would expect that if capital flows and trade in goods failed to bring convergence, labor flows would respond,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703144
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From the Shortage of Jobs to the Shortage of Skilled Workers: Labor Markets in the EU New Member States
Rutkowski, Jan - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2007
Labor markets in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe underwent a dramatic transformation. Notably, this transformation took place within just a few years. Until the mid-2000s job opportunities were scarce and unemployment was high. But since then labor demand has picked up and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005822263