Describes one area of the Custom & Excise organization and its introduction of a competency‐based approach for its staff. Looks at the problems involved in trying to use competences where the highly‐trained staff show an adverse reaction to it. Ultimately, because of this, it was adandoned...

Purpose The existing gender gap in the workplace, that affects job satisfaction and career advancement of women, creates a need to understand further the causes and effects of the gender gap phenomenon. Although, there are many challenges that affect women’s job satisfaction and advancement in...