This article examines what Joseph Schumpeter said on the emergence of novelty in economic institutions, what Sidney Winter did to build on and deviate from that foundation, and what puzzles remain. Winter built a framework for answers to a puzzle that Schumpeter could not solve--how novelty...

Organizational routines are considered basic components of organizational behavior and repositories of organizational capabilities (Nelson & Winter, 1982). They do, therefore, hold one of the keys to understanding organizational change. The article focuses on how the concept of organizational...

Over twenty years have passed since Nelson and Winter put the concept of routines firmly at the center of the analysis of organizational and economic change. A growing number of researchers have followed their example since. However, researchers have not always had the same idea of what routines...

This article proposes a framework for applying the concept of organizational routines in empirical research. The framework is built up in three steps: (i) reviewing the methods for operationalizing organizational routines that have been employed in empirical research; (ii) identifying the most...