Exchange-rate strategies may be used to pursue the most varied objectives as instruments of development policy or of structural adjustment. The following article will examine the advantages and disadvantages of a number of exchange-rate policy options.

The priority previously given to urban areas by development programmes was replaced in the 1980s by efforts to implement deliberately targeted rural development. These often relatively complex projects showed less sustainable success than had been expected, however. What are the requirements for...

The classical approach towards adjustment has proved to have considerable shortcomings, particularly in connection with supply response issues and the conditions for re-establishing sustainable growth. The following article concludes that sustainable stabilisation and adjustment require a...

So far, it has been possible to stave off really serious consequences for the world economy and the international financial system since the developing-country debt crisis started in 1982. Yet for many developing countries, external debt problems and the underlying economic crisis are as...

Given that the developing countries today present a highly differentiated picture, is it appropriate to continue to speak of a "Third World"? If so, how does this group of countries appear to the present-day observer? What is their position within the world economy? What problems and challenges...

A large number of developing countries have introduced trade policy reforms in recent years. These have been supported by export promotion projects in the context of bilateral and multilateral development cooperation. The results of the advisory approach so far adopted have been disappointing on...

Stagnating development aid and continued reluctance on the part of western commercial banks to grant new loans to problem debtor countries have led many developing countries to pay greater attention to the mobilisation of their own resources. This article outlines a strategy for increasing the...