In practice, in order to reduce default risks with credit-risk customers, a seller (e.g., a manufacturer or a retailer) frequently requests its credit-risk customers to pay a fraction of the purchase amount at the time of placing an order as collateral deposit, and then grants a permissible...

In reality, a seller (e.g., a supplier or a manufacturer) frequently offers his/her buyers trade credit (e.g., permissible delay in payment). Trade credit reduces the buyer's holding cost of inventory and hence attracts new buyers who consider it to be a type of price reduction. On the other...

Wu et al. [2006. An optimal replenishment policy for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand and partial backlogging. International Journal of Production Economics 101, 369-384] established an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with...

In this paper, we extend Teng, J.T., Chang, H.J., Dye, C.Y., Hung, C.H. [2002. An optimal replenishment policy for deteriorating items with time-varying demand and partial backlogging. Operations Research Letters 30(6), 387-393.] and Hou, K.L. [2006. An inventory model for deteriorating items...

In practice, to reduce default risks, a retailer frequently offers its bad credit customers a partial trade credit, in which the retailer requests its customers to pay a portion of the purchase amount at the time of placing an order as a collateral deposit, and then grants a permissible delay on...

In practice, vendors (or sellers) often offer their buyers a fixed credit period to settle the account. The benefits of trade credit are not only to attract new buyers but also to avoid lasting price competition. On the other hand, the policy of granting a permissible delay adds not only an...

Liao (2008) presented the optimal retailer's replenishment policies in the EPQ model for deteriorating items with two-level trade credit, in which the retailer receives the supplier trade credit M, and provides the customer trade credit N (NM) simultaneously. In this paper, we extend her EPQ...