medical schools in the country, while the other institution is ranked lower in the quality distribution. Patients treated by …

Patients who receive more hospital treatment tend to have worse underlying health, confounding estimates of the returns … to such care. This paper compares the costs and benefits of extending the length of hospital stay following delivery … entitle newborns to a minimum number of hospital "days," counted as the number of midnights in care. A newborn delivered at 12 …

compared to lower-cost hospitals. We find that common indicators of hospital quality, such as indicators for "appropriate care … compare hospital performance for emergency patients: plausibly exogenous variation in ambulance-company assignment. Ambulances … data from 2002-2008, we show that ambulance company assignment importantly affects hospital choice for patients in the same …

methodology for estimating the causal relationship between hospital quality measures and patient outcomes. To compare similar …-scoring hospital results in better patient outcomes. We estimate that a two-standard deviation improvement in a composite quality … to "pay for quality instead of quantity." While quality measures are crucial to such reforms, they face major criticisms …