-level and technology class-level patent production. Accompanying this fall in innovation, global employment, sales …The competitive shock to the U.S. manufacturing sector spurred by rising China import competition could either catalyze … or stifle innovation. Using three distinct sources of variation to identify rising trade exposure, we provide a causal …

This paper presents new annual estimates of U.S. production of pig iron and imports of pig iron products dating back to … role of the tariff in fostering the industry's early development. Domestic pig iron production is found to be highly … sensitive to changes in import prices. Although import price fluctuations had a much greater impact on U.S. production than …

production. At the same time United States experienced a quot;transportation revolutionquot;, a key component of which was the …