Hwang, Sung-Ha; Bowles, Samuel - In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 83 (2012) 3, pp. 330-341
feel hostility towards free riders and enjoy inflicting harm on them, the incentives provided by the anticipated punishment … altruism attenuates the punishment motive and thus may reduce the level of punishment inflicted on defectors, resulting in … contribution costs and punishment costs. The range over which altruism inhibits cooperation and reduces material payoffs is greater …