This paper compares two alternative incentive schemes, performance-related pay (PRP) and relative performance evaluation (RPE), in a differentiated duopoly where institutional features constrain firms to pay workers a given salary. It is shown that RPE endogenously arises as the optimal choice...

Managers´ incentives to invest in firms´ specific activities (internal investments) are compared with those to realize activities to increase their alternative market opportunities (external investments) when a managerial contract establishes a large breach penalty in the event of employment...