charged to private payers after 1999. We find a downward trend in price for private pay patients in the 1990s and a rapid … the change in hospital market concentration. For example, the greatest price rises came from hospitals in monopoly and … cost increases due to the nursing staffing regulations are not large enough to account for the price increase, and the …

the price elasticity of demand for each observation and report the average price elasticity across all observations or … report the price elasticity of demand at the mean of the price variable. Policy makers rely on these average price elasticity … estimates for public health and revenue generation purposes. The use of an average price elasticity may yield misleading …

Though built with increasingly precise microfoundations, modern optimizing sticky price models have displayed a chronic … [2000]. This is an ironic finding, since Taylor [1980] and other researchers were motivated to study sticky price models in … standard view of the cyclical behavior of real marginal cost built into current sticky price macro models. Using both a small …

This paper presents evidence on the amount of price rigidity that exists in individual transaction prices. Using the … important findings are: 1.The degree of price rigidity in many industries is significant. It is not unusual in some industries … commodities, the correlation of price changes across buyers is very low. 3.There is no evidence that there is an asymmetry in …