[...]We observe several trends in payment timing from 1998 to2006. After 2000, the peak in payment activity shifts to laterin the day. Indeed, post-2000, a greater concentration ofpayments occurs after 17:00. At the same time, however, severalfactors have been associated with increased payment...

[...]This article evaluates the short-term economic consequencesof the attack on Manhattan and the four other boroughsthat make up New York City. We begin with the deepest loss—that of human lives. We then look at the effects of the attack onthe inputs to the production process: labor and...

This paper revises the traditional view of Spain as a predatorycolonial state that extracted revenue from natural resources andpopulations in the Americas while offering little in return. Using 18thcentury Spanish American treasury accounts we show that localelites not only exerted important...

This paper explores the connections between independence from Spain and Portugal and economic backwardness in Latin America. The release of the fiscal burden was offset by higher costs of self-government, while opening up to the international economy represented a handmaiden of growth....

The nineteenth century saw the advent of news agencies that became well-coordinated global organisations with large networks of correspondents, such as Reuters, Havas, Wolff-Continental and Associated Press. Essential features of these agencies were substantial fixed and sunk set-up costs, high...

[...]In this paper, we look at the relationship between these twoissues to examine how government regulation affects thedynamics of the low-income housing stock. We find that,consistent with theoretical models of housing, restrictions onthe supply of new units lower the supply of affordable...

[...]This exploratory paper first tests whether homeownershiphas equally positive effects for children of low-income andhigher income families. Focusing on the low-income group, itthen examines whether, and how, these homeownership effectsare influenced by neighborhood attributes. The next...

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s(HUD) Moving to Opportunity for Fair HousingDemonstration, or MTO, is a large, federally funded socialexperiment designed to test whether improved neighborhoodopportunities may significantly affect the life chances of lowincomepublic...

[...]Local welfare offices have relied on a number of differentstrategies to shift to a more work-oriented assistance system.Some have expanded the role of former income maintenance(eligibility) workers to include more tasks related to helpingwelfare recipients find employment, or they have...

[...]Although our analysis compares outcomes before and afterPRWORA, it should be made clear that because the formalstate plan for welfare reform did not take effect until 1999, weare not really evaluating welfare reform in New York City.Instead, our results primarily reflect the net effect of...