). The first part of this paper introduces different patent-policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic … empirical evidence on the effects of patent rights. Then, the second part considers the international aspects of IPR protection …. In summary, this survey draws the following conclusions from the literature. Firstly, different patent-policy instruments …

This study develops a Schumpeterian growth model to analyze the effects of different patent instruments on innovation …. We first analyze patent breadth that captures the traditional positive effect of patent rights on innovation. Then, we … proposed negative effect of patent rights on innovation. Finally, blocking patents generate a non-monotonic effect on …

of two patent instruments (a) the patentability of basic R&D and (b) the division of profi�t between basic and applied … negative effect or an inverted-U effect on technological progress. Nonetheless, a benevolent patent authority requires both … patent instruments to achieve the socially optimal allocation in the decentralized economy. …

debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. We analyze the effects of patent protection in the form … of blocking patents. We show that patent protection changes the direction of innovation by having asymmetric effects on …This study develops an R&D-based growth model with vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light on the current …

on the current debate on whether patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation. Specifically, we analyze the growth … ladder. We show that patent protection has asymmetric effects on vertical innovation (i.e., quality improvement) and …This study develops an R&D-based growth model that features both vertical and horizontal innovation to shed some light …

The prize system for innovation has been criticized as impractical due to the lack of a workable formula or algorithm … can function to duplicate Pareto optimality. Under this system, any bountiable innovation is placed in the public domain …, and the prize of innovation is dynamically amortized in an infinitely time domain as periodic bounties paid to holders of …

The prize system for innovation has been criticized as impractical due to the lack of any workable formula or algorithm … can function to duplicate Pareto optimality. Under this system, any bountiable innovation is placed in the public domain …, and the prize of innovation is dynamically amortized in an infinite time domain as periodic bounties paid to holders of …

innovation and total factor productivity at the country level. More recently this approach has been extended to take account of … externalities induced by innovation activities from foreign countries. This article is an attempt to test this relationship in the … those that relate productivity to innovation ad hoc, allows us to test the exogenous nature of externalities induced by R …