In most sub-Saharan African countries, Parents' Associations, are increasingly solicited to participate in a better governance of the education. The article compares these associations in two very different national contexts, namely that of Benin, where these institutions benefit from...

This work analyzes the collective action of the inhabitants of Villa el Salvador, a " barriada" in Lima, by stressing the destructuring of the social fabric that has altered the cohesion of this community since its foundation in 1973. The government policies, the clientelism of some heads of...

The process of decentralisation continues in developing countries. But the actual impact of this system remains unclear. Despite the large amounts of funds devolved, empirical evidence is lacking and theoretical conclusions are ambiguous. This article presents the experience of Kerala and other...

Rural communities of the Aït Bouguemez have ever known how to implement and to maintain various collective management modalities of a fair number of territories and natural resources. However, in the context of deep changes, community based organizations are confronted with modern institutions...

</titre> The introduction of democracy in Africa has resulted in the transformation of intercommunity relations. This has thus led to a crisis of modernisation as local political elites try to grapple with the demands of a modern setting while also trying to stick to their essential community identity....

</titre> This article traces the evolution of the ethical dimension of territorial intelligence then continued this discussion by taking into account multiple territories of the human species and by the dangerous development of the variability of its ecological niche. These considerations apply and is...

Since a score of years, the environmental strategies of the international organizations in the developing countries knew a certain evolution. The latter illustrates the passage of a technical comprehension of the environmental questions, of a technocratic and sectoral step on behalf of the...

Sustainable development actions should create a link between the scale of policies, institutions and regulations and the local level of the action. A good knowledge of the local environment is a necessary prerequisite, but not always sufficient, to guarantee the success of the action. This is...