-fulfilling prophecies. Our approach leverages a unique feature of a nationally representative dataset: two teachers provided their … respect to teachers' expectations of about 0.12. On average, teachers are overly optimistic about students' ability to … complete a four-year college degree. However, the degree of over-optimism of white teachers is significantly larger for white …

-random distribution of teachers and students among classrooms within schools. We find compelling evidence that teacher credentials affect …

test score distributions reveal that teachers inflate students who have “a bad test day,” but do not to discriminate based … signal to students and teachers within the educational system, and suggest important dynamic complementarities between …

We use administrative data on North Carolina public schools to document the tendency for more highly qualified teachers …