methodological challenges by measuring standardization via national penetration of ISO 9000, allowing standardization to manifest via … multiple (quality-signaling, information/compliance-cost, and common-language) channels, and using instrumental variable …, multilateral resistance and panel data techniques to overcome endogeneity. We find evidence of common-language and quality …

We develop a model of international trade with export quality requirements and two dimensions of firm heterogeneity. In … addition to "productivity", firms are also heterogeneous in their "caliber" -- the ability to produce quality using fewer fixed … quality, our model provides a more nuanced characterization of firms' exporting behavior. In particular, it explains the …

or decision-making. Each stage contributes to the return and costs, quality and errors of the information. The processes … eighteen important variables. Measures of several aspects of data quality and of average lags of data release and signal …

We investigate empirically the determinants of the quality of governments in a large cross-section of countries. We …

Technological progress takes the form of improvements in quality of an array of intermediate inputs to production. In …

modeled as varying along two quality dimensions: q and r. The former represents the clarity and importance of a paper's main … ideas and the latter its craftsmanship and polish. Observed trends are regarded as increases in r-quality. A static … to increasingly emphasize r-quality …

to financing constraints, but also do not seem to benefit from a patent quality signal …

industry to the low penetration of techniques such as TQM and continuous improvement. Yet a vigorous tradition in the …