conduct R&D in order to lower its production costs, but the Southern firm can imitate costlessly if patent protection for …

of the developing world introduces patent protection for new drug products. This may lead to more research on drugs to … those already offering such protection the situation offers a unique opportunity to examine the incentive role of patent … might enhance, or dampen, a firm's responsiveness to the availability of product patents. The picture presented here …

technologies. How will patent protection affect this process? In this paper we first review the evidence on the role of patents for … innovation and international technology transfer in general. The literature suggests that patent protection in a host country … externalities, implies that patent protection may not be the optimal instrument for encouraging innovation in this area, especially …

existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate …What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … to address problems with the current patent system: 3) How do patent pools, as a mechanism to mitigate litigation risks …

encouragement of creation and innovation. Optimal policy depends on the quantitative strength of these two forces. We give a …

pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE …-derived patent and financial data, as well as a novel model that guides our data analysis. We find that NPEs acquire patents from …

and design of IPR affects the extent to which any innovation adds to or subtracts from the pool of ideas that are …The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which … lead to a lower pace of innovation, and more generally, that long run effects may be the opposite of the short run effects …

. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …. The data set comprises a sample of patents, as well as exhibits and prizes at annual industrial fairs in Massachusetts …

Patent counts are very imperfect measures of innovative output. This paper discusses how additional data-the number of … years a patent is renewed and the number of countries in which protection for the same invention is sought - can be used to … improve on counts in studies which require a measure of the extent of innovation. A simple renewal based weighting scheme is …