Pharmaceutical firms' use of secondary patents to extend periods of exclusivity generates concerns among policymakers … worldwide. In response, some developing countries have introduced measures to curb the grant of these patents. While these … countries with restrictions on secondary patents, India, Brazil, and Argentina. We examine cross-country comparisons of primary …

, however, less is known about the reliability of the patents attached to these external technologies in the face of litigation …. “Weak” external patents expose a firm to the potential loss of downstream revenues. To address this question we construct a … experiment to test whether external patents are more reliable than those developed internally. We find that acquired patents are …

” (active ingredient) and “secondary” patents (patents on modified compounds, formulations, dosages, particular medical uses etc ….). There is prior evidence that secondary patents are used by pharmaceutical originator companies in the U.S. and Europe to … between 1991 and 2010 as well as the corresponding patents and trademarks, we find evidence that foreign originator companies …

In 2005, as the result of a World Trade Organization mandate, India began to implement product patents for … pharmaceuticals that were compliant with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We combine … pharmaceutical product sales data for India with a newly gathered dataset of molecule-linked patents issued by the Indian patent …

Efforts to strengthen the global patent system for pharmaceuticals continue to be controversial, and what will likely …

producing better products under new patents. Therefore, one may divide up the source of competition facing an innovator into … from production of products on other patents. Previous theoretical and empirical micro -based analyses have emphasized the … relative magnitudes of the two sources of competition in limiting innovative returns in the U.S. pharmaceuticals market. In …

common rationale for patents. For external effects, this analogy has the important and unrecognized implication that classic …

We explore how the Patent Office may improve the quality of issued patents on “secondary” drug features by giving … to issue low quality secondary patents on the margin. To assess the merits of expanding ex ante scrutiny of drug …

regimes. The results point to an important role for patents and other policy choices in driving the diffusion of new …