trillion dollars in direct military costs. I review the history of cost forecasts for these ongoing engagements, highlighting … the implications of the war costs themselves. Besides the unanticipated length and breadth of the military conflicts … themselves, a related and equally important component of costs is the life cycle of costs associated with caring for veterans …

This paper attempts to provide a more complete reckoning of the costs of the Iraq War, using standard economic and …, and the CBO's estimates put the projected total direct costs at around $500bn. These figures, however, greatly … underestimate the War's true costs. We estimate a range of present and future costs, by including expenditures not in the $500bn CBO …

differentials. In particular, absenteeism and misconduct episodes are substantially more prevalent in the south. We consider a …

In an effort to reduce salary costs, many school districts have begun to offer teachers financial incentives to retire … provisions and provide an unintended incentive for increased teacher absenteeism. To the extent that less learning occurs when … absenteeism across the over 700 school districts in New York State in 1986-87 and of how such variations influence student test …

jobs. Job complexity has no discernible effect on absenteeism. Matching better educated workers to more complex jobs … affects neither absenteeism nor quit propensity. Thus it appears that experimental evidence suggesting that job enlargement …

the first year. Our 95% confidence intervals rule out 83 percent of previous estimates on medical spending and absenteeism …

ready-made garment factories. We focus on how relational contracts help managers cope with worker absenteeism shocks, which … least likely to reflect relational borrowing responses to idiosyncratic absenteeism shocks. Counterfactual simulations … reveal large gains to reducing costs associated with forming and maintaining additional relationships among managers …