typically assumed ad-hoc in customer market and brand switching cost models. A central result of the paper is that deep habits …

We study the long-run evolution of brand preferences, using new data on consumers' life histories and purchases of … advertising. Heterogeneity in brand preferences explains 40 percent of geographic variation in market shares. These preferences … years in the past still exerting a significant effect on current consumption. Counterfactuals suggest that brand preferences …

. Conspicuous characteristics fulfilled many of the functions that patents, trademarks, and brand names do today. The words that … referred to products with conspicuous characteristics served as brand names in the Middle Ages. Data drawn from an array of …

Reservations. The regime change represents a unique opportunity to quantify brand loyalty because it almost doubled the price of … premium-brand cigarettes, while Native brands were still untaxed. We use data from two different sources--the New York State … three-quarters remained brand loyal …

side of the market highlights how barriers to entry, such as regulation and high traditional marketing costs, sustained a …

suggest that misinformation and related consumer mistakes explain a sizable share of the brand premium for health products …

. Recent studies sponsored by the American Association of Retired Persons focus only on brand prices and ignore substitution to …