requirements and shifts banks’ focus away from their core economic functions. Tighter capital requirements based on risk …-weighted assets may further contribute to these skewed incentives. The estimated macroeconomic costs of redirecting banks’ attention … point more than under the risk-weighted assets framework. Refocusing banks’ attention toward their main economic functions …

-owned banks. The levels of non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratios compare poorly in international perspective and may … for the two main stateowned banks in mid-2012. To foster the credibility of the new tests, the main results and underlying … by ring-fencing impaired assets, which would create conditions for an orderly resolution of non-viable banks and a rapid …

banks vulnerable to shifts in investor sentiment. However, investment and credit were mostly directed to sheltered sectors … commitments, this will require reforming public policies that have long distorted investment allocation, ensuring that banks …

Dutch banks were put under heavy strains early in the global downturn and have comparatively weak financial buffers to … adverse shocks. Banks are very large relative to the size of the domestic economy, have sizeable cross-border exposures and … taxpayer and the regulator’s tools available to reduce risks should be expanded. In particular, banks should set aside …

banking sector is sufficiently capitalised in the short term, banks are deleveraging by cutting down their dependence on cross … ban on foreign currency lending for mortgages, future uncertainties about parent banks’ funding and undermined creditors … while weakening banks’ solvency. The mid-December 2011 agreement between the government and the banking sector was a welcome …

Central banks have responded with exceptional vigour to the crisis by using their traditional interest-rate tools to … gradually removed. Given the considerable changes in the size and composition of central banks' balance sheets, the exit will … preserve the hard-won anchoring of inflation expectations and dissipate any hypothetical fears that central banks? greater risk …

characterising the conduct of monetary policy. Detailed analysis of eleven OECD central banks shows that communication practices have … general trend toward increased transparency, however, central banks differ in actual communication practices. There is a …

also been helped by a large infusion of foreign capital, as international banks entered the Mexican market through mergers … financial intermediaries, either in the form of development banks or trust funds, still play a large role, overlapping with … commercial banks in some parts of the market. And the regulatory framework is often complex and characterised by a high cost of …