Financial management information systems are a sine qua non in public financial management and play a foundational role in the execution of the budget. Recognizing their potential contribution to fiscal discipline, the strategic allocation of resources, and operational efficiency, significant...

In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education...

Business survey outcomes for micro and small firms are notoriously noisy, with multiple sources of measurement and recall error. This paper introduces a new survey methodology that combines automatic consistency checks of electronic data collection with triangulation and dynamic adjustment to...