. This paper shifts the focus to task-based motivation and finds that it yields significantly more effort than mission …-based motivation. Moreover, in the presence of significant task motivation, mission motivation has no additional effect on effort. The … three tasks, from boring to interesting. In addition, for half of the students, mission motivation is present: their effort …

these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and … series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits …