School safety and classroom disciplinary climate have a direct impact on teachers' ability to teach and students …' ability to learn. School safety and classroom disciplinary climates have been declining in the Middle East and North Africa … disrupted learning environments, at the school and classroom levels, in the Middle East and North Africa region and to uncover …

series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits … and low levels of teacher accountability afflict many developing-country education systems. The paper presents evidence on …

attending school. Using unique data from nationally representative surveys of schools in seven Sub-Saharan African countries …

Why do some students learn more in some schools than others? One consideration receiving growing attention is school … management. To study this, researchers need to be able to measure school management accurately and cheaply at scale, and also … explain any observed relationship between school management and student learning. This paper introduces a new approach to …