a two-phase randomized trial show that incentives for teachers led to modest average improvements in student achievement … learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students …

School safety and classroom disciplinary climate have a direct impact on teachers' ability to teach and students …

. Assigning more students to better teachers would potentially lead to substantial cost-savings, even if there are negative class …In many low-income countries, teachers do not master the subject they are teaching, and children learn little while … data on students are not available. The paper shows that data on test scores of the student's current and the previous year …

"Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in … reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing …

some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the …

This paper evaluates the academic impact of a growth-mindset intervention on students starting the secondary level in …'s own intelligence is malleable. Students in schools randomly assigned to treatment showed a small improvement in math test … scores and educational expectations, with a large and sustained impact in test scores among students outside the capital city …