's teachers, and knowledge of the correlation structure of teacher knowledge across time and grades, allow estimating two …In many low-income countries, teachers do not master the subject they are teaching, and children learn little while … impacts in earlier grades. The paper uses these structural estimates to understand the magnitude of teacher effects and …

"Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in … reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing …

a two-phase randomized trial show that incentives for teachers led to modest average improvements in student achievement … without simultaneously incentivizing teachers did not produce observable learning gains …

School safety and classroom disciplinary climate have a direct impact on teachers' ability to teach and students … region, as is demonstrated in this paper using data from the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study and the Progress in … International Reading Literacy Study. The paper then moves on to untangle how disruptive learning environments can have negative …