schooling and skills differ between men and women and how those differences relate to gender gaps in earnings across nine middle-income … countries. The analysis finds that post-secondary schooling and cognitive skills are more important for women's earnings at the …This paper uses measures of cognitive and noncognitive skills in an expanded definition of human capital to examine how …

children. Of the 200 million children who do not reach their developmental potential worldwide, 66 percent live in South Asia … that contribute to the growth and development of children in early childhood. There are also large gaps in teachers …' understanding and practice of classroom accommodations for children with disabilities. The paper illustrates that educators, who …

productivity. Given the links between labor productivity and wages, a likely implication of this positive relationship is that … innovation is associated with higher wages of more productive firms. This paper explores the relationship between innovation and … wages using Brazil's employer-employee census and a novel measure of innovation derived from the share of technical and …