This paper presents an assessment and evaluation of the costs of operation and maintenance (O&M) in a real PV rural electrification (PVRE) programme, with the aim of characterizing its costs structure. Based on the extracted data of the 5-years operational costs of a private operator, the...

Nowadays, renewable energy systems are taking place than the conventional energy systems. Especially, PV systems and wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are taking a big role in supplying world's energy necessity. Efficiency of such types of renewable energy systems is being tried to be...

Renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based energy, but its development can require a complex set of environmental tradeoffs. A recent increase in solar energy systems, especially large, centralized installations, underscores the urgency of understanding their environmental...

The global demand for energy is currently growing beyond the limits of installable generation capacity. To meet future energy demands efficiently, energy security and reliability must be improved and alternative energy sources must be investigated aggressively. An effective energy solution...

In line with sustainable development path, electrification with the aid of renewable energy resources is a key element for the developing countries. Cambodia with almost 85% rural population is one of the countries with high renewable energy resources but at the same time has a low installed...

Nigeria is endowed with abundant energy resources, both conventional and renewable, which can potentially provide the country with a sufficient capacity to meet the ambitions of both urban and rural Nigerians of a full, nationwide electrification level. Yet, Nigeria has one of the lowest...