This article examines the optimal choice of monitoring intensity when workers face external incentives (incentives that are not provided by the firm), such as tips, satisfaction from working well, or the desire to build reputation in order to be more attractive to other employers. Increase in...

We present an optimal-control model in which tipping behavior creates a reputation that affects future service. Tipping and reputation can evolve in four path prototypes: converging to an interior equilibrium, converging to minimum tips and reputation, and two prototypes that start differently...

Rewards for publications in good economics journals are very high, and submission fees and other monetary costs associated with submitting an existing manuscript are low. Consequently, the editorial delay (especially the first-response time—the time until the first editorial decision), by...