The Late Middle Ages (c.1300–c.1500) saw the development of many of the key economic institutions of the modern unitary nation-state in Europe. After the ‘commercial revolution’ of the thirteenth century, taxes on trade became increasingly significant contributors to government finances,...

Chapter1 The Belt and Road Initiative in the Voice of the New Era -- Chapter2 The Belt And Road Initiative Economic Paradigm: Double Circulation of Global Value Chain -- Chapter3 The Belt And Road Initiative Under The Diplomacy Perspective of the Great Power with Chinese Characteristics --...

1. Introduction: Snapshots of Global Gold Mining -- PART 1: TRENDS IN GLOBAL GOLD PRODUCTION -- 2. Theorizing the Global Gold Production System -- 3. Global Expansion -- 4. Informalization -- 5. Technological Innovation -- PART 2: GLOBAL GOLD PRODUCTION TOUCHING GROUND -- 6. Brazil: Garimpagem,...

1. Introduction to the Port Sustainability Issue -- 2. The Background to Oil Port Sustainability -- 3. Methodologies for Framework Development for Oil Ports Sustainability -- 4. A Qualitative Analysis of Oil Port Sustainability Frameworks -- 5. A Quantitative Analysis of Oil Port Sustainability...

1. Prospects for China’s Economic Development During the 14TH Five-Year Plan Period -- 2.Prospects for China’s Energy Transition in a Carbon Neutrality Outlook by 2060 -- 3.Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: Four-dimensional Comparsion of Aggregate, Elasticity, Intensity and Structure...

1 Framework of the SREB Initiative -- 2 Connectivity Construction -- 3 Trade and Investment Facilitation -- 4 Industrial Cooperation and Upgrading -- 5 Construction and Upgrading of Urbanization in Western China -- 6 Regionalization and Internationalization of Currency -- 7 Guarantee Mechanism...

1. Introduction -- 2. Economic Development, Sustainable Development and Agriculture -- 3. Sustainability of Agricultural Systems -- 4. Challenges of Sustainable Agriculture in Developing Countries -- 5. Challenges of Sustainable Agricultural Development in High-Income Countries -- 6. Pathways to...

1. Towards a New Framework for Analyzing Trade Growth Dynamics -- 2. An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Banking Sector Development (BSD) in West Africa -- 3. Impact of FDI and TRIPS on the Absorptive Capacity of Manufacturing firms in India -- 4. The Trade Impact of...

Foreword by Prof. Dr. Mohammend Jerary -- Introduction -- Across the vast land -- A journey through time -- Traders, Nomads and Slaves -- Navigating and mapping the "white spot" -- On major trans-Saharan trails -- Places of Trade, Communication and Religion - Important Oases -- Bibliography.