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We survey the theories of why banks promise to pay par on demand and examine evidence about the conditions under which banks have promised to pay the par value of deposits and banknotes on demand when holding only fractional reserves. The theoretical literature can be broadly divided into four...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010292267
that the SSM reduced competition for SSM banks in countries affected by the sovereign debt crisis. Otherwise, the impact of … the SSM was limited or competition increased. Furthermore, our results suggest that anti-competitive side effects of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014476322
competition among firms leads to an increase in the variety of developed projects and a decrease in the amount of duplication of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011282467
both increased competition and the enactment of equal treatment laws reduce the gender wage gap. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294546
academia have been partially explained by "competitive pressures", which suggests a link between competition and cheating. In … no overall sex difference in cheating. However, the effect of competition on women's cheating behavior is entirely due to … of an individual to conduct a particular task and not sex that crucially affects the reaction to competition. Poor …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294922
little, fierce competition between providers of similar services is expected. We consider a model where two e …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010280782
We show that professional soccer players exhibit reference-dependent behavior during matches. Controlling for the state of the match and for unobserved heterogeneity, we show on a minute-by-minute basis that a player breaches the rules of the game, measured by the referee's assignment of cards,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010316909
Several recent papers argue that contracts provide reference points that affect ex post behavior. We test this hypothesis in a canonical buyer-seller relationship with renegotiation. Our paper provides causal experimental evidence that an initial contract has a highly significant and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010316921
duplication of research. An increase in the intensity of competition among firms leads to an increase in the variety of developed …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011663162
competition are all found to be important determinants of long-run firm values, firm turnover, and market structure. Estimates for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010397677