demand effects due to offshoring. Data allow us to distinguish between goods and service offshoring and from which country … Swedish firms source their inputs. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that offshoring of goods or services lead … effects from offshoring lead to increasing relative demand of high-skilled labor, mainly due to service offshoring. …

Offshoring is an important aspect of firms' internationalization. However, offshoring comes at a cost, especially where … information or trust is lacking. Immigrant employees could reduce such offshoring costs through their knowledge of their former …-2007. Our results support the hypothesis that immigrant employees spur offshoring activities by firms through lower offshoring …

the association between offshoring within Swedish MNEs and changes their parent employment at regional level (in local …-routine) in the parent. Our results reveal large spatial heterogeneities in the relationships between MNE offshoring and onshore … employment in various regions. The results suggest that MNE offshoring might be a factor contributing to diverging onshore …