A bank panic is an expectation-driven redemption event that results in a self-fulfilling prophecy of losses on demand … surprisingly di¢ cult to generate bank panic equilibria if one allows for a plausible degree of contractual flexibility. A common … minimum scale requirement. With this simple and empirically-plausible modification to the standard model, we find that bank …

framework in which fractional reserve banks emerge in equilibrium, where bank assets are funded with liabilities made demandable … in government money, where the terms of bank deposit contracts are affected by the liquidity insurance available in … financial markets, where banks are subject to runs, and where a central bank has a meaningful role to play, both in terms of …

This paper studies the links between competition in the lending market and spreads of bank loans in Brazil. Evidence … interest rates as the bank-firm relationship duration increases. Both results are stronger for micro and small firms than for …