We introduce the notion of language disenfranchisement which arises if the number of EU working languages is reduced …. We use the data on language proficiency in EU and show that, in spite of the widespread knowledge of English, the … though French is the second leading language within the EU, the situation is likely to be reversed after the enlargement. …

authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination of English. The population speaking English as a first language is … other language. We develop a theoretical model of translation, which is estimated on the basis of UNESCO translation data …

This paper examines whether language classes raises refugees' language proficiency and improves their socio …-economic integration. Our identification strategy leverages the opening, closing, and gradual expansion of local language training centers … in Denmark, as well as the quasi-random assignment of the refugees to locations with varying proximity to a language …

This paper develops a semiotic-inferential model of verbal communication for incomplete information games: a language … common language is used, and an inferential step where the receiver may either trust the message's literal meaning or … equilibria where language is not used in its ordinary sense. The paper also proposes a refinement by which the sender selects …

. In order to communicate they need to have a language in common. Learning languages is costly. In this setting no …