-based pedagogy (IPP) on students' math and science test scores. IPP creates active problem solving opportunities in settings that … derive meaning to the child. Students learn by collaboratively solving real life authentic problems, developing explanations …

teachers' actions that resulted in less attention to female students. Gender bias had an even greater effect in classrooms … where the teachers had worse interactions with students. Results show that less effective teachers (according to the …

cumulative learning between the first and the nth attempt while controlling for selection into retaking in terms of observed and … unobserved characteristics. Large learning gains measured in terms of improvements in the exam scores are found, especially among … less advantaged students. …