. We show differential impacts by type of transfer: 0-5-year-old children from families receiving the "health" transfer … differences in conditions: while the "education" component imposed conditions only on children of schooling age, the "health …" transfer required regular health checkups of 0-5 year old children. The "health" transfer families were more likely to attend …

empirically investigate the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages and workhours during the pandemic …. Relying on Estonian Labour Force Survey data, we document that the pandemic has, if anything, reduced gender inequality in all … - rising as infections mounted and declining as the first wave flattened - overall, the pandemic did not exacerbate gender gaps …

We study the determinants of math achievement among children in early elementary school using data from a unique … experiment. We find steep socioeconomic gradients and a substantial boy-girl gap in math test scores. However, among children of … mothers with university education, there is no difference in the math achievement of girls and boys, which suggests that …