needed to provide core inputs for children's health and education. However, maternal employment comes at the cost of time … spent with children, which is also a critical input into children's development. The net impact is therefore theoretically … ambiguous. Maternal employment, through mothers' exposure to wider social networks and greater bargaining may also be associated …

more conservative gender norms and less generous family policies are associated with larger differences between mothers …' and non-mothers' labour market outcomes. …

children at baseline. At midline, we find that the mobilization effort alone had a significant impact on the performance of …

. Constraints on mothers' labour market participation and consequent fall in earnings are characterised as the 'motherhood penalty …

developed countries, constraints on mothers labour market participation and earnings being characterized as the motherhood …