We study empirically how competition among high-frequency traders (HFTs) affects their trading behavior and market …-frequency competition, and contains an exogenous event - a tick size reform - which we use to disentangle the effects of the rising share of … high-frequency trading in the market from the effects of high-frequency competition. We find that when HFTs compete, their …

their investments. Competition is, however, not localized within a market segment and the class of new or old models, i …

market competition. The amount of knowledge firms can absorb from other firms is made dependent on their own research efforts … positive effect on R&D efforts both under research joint venture and under research competition. Firms' propensity to … collaborate in R&D is increasing in R&D productivity. The key findings of the theoretical model are tested using German innovation …

affect firms' innovation strategy choices, concretely, whether to abstain from innovation, to introduce products that are … known in the market but new to the firm (imitation) or to introduce market novelties (innovation). Using a sample of 1253 … effectiveness is low or medium, both innovation and imitation are enhanced, whereas if it is high, only innovation is enhanced …

This literature review analyses the impacts of the EU ETS on competitiveness focussing on existing simulation studies … relevant literature. We find, however, that effects of the scheme on competitiveness are modest, even given the business as … regulation methods ETSs can have positive competitiveness effects. However, the EU ETS is not designed to boost Europe’s economy …

Environmental policies may have important consequences for firms' competitiveness or profitability. However, the … literature finds hardly any significant competitiveness effects on firms, least not during the first two phases of the scheme … limit the impact of the EU ETS. Finally, small but significant stimulating effects on innovation have been found so far …