importance of the interactions and linkages among acteurs and institutions involved in innovation and technology development of a … country and calls such a web of interaction a national innovation system. The theoretical and empirical analyses on national … systems of innovation lead to the conclusion that countries differ in the way in which knowledge flows and that innovation …

innovation is a crucial productivity driver, a potential crowding out of inventive efforts could increase the cost of mitigating …. However, we do not find negative effects on the number of ongoing R&D projects, investments in innovation-related fixed assets … or on the outcome of innovation projects. Likewise, for firms with subsidy-backed environmental innovations no crowding …

collaborate in R&D is increasing in R&D productivity. The key findings of the theoretical model are tested using German innovation … survey data for the service sector. A simultaneous model for cooperation choice and innovation expenditures shows that R …&D cooperation has a weakly significant positive effect on innovation expenditures. The empirical results broadly support the …